Reasoning for SSC & BANK /Clerk

BLOOD RELATION

1. Pointing to a man in a photograph, a woman said, "His brother's father is the only son of my grandfather." How is the woman related to the man in the photograph? 

A.    Sister

B.    Aunt

C.    Grandmother

D.    Daughter

2. A told B,"The girl I met yesterday was the youngest daughter of the brother–in–law of my friend’s mother." How is the girl related to A's friend? 

A.   Niece

B.    Cousin

C.    Friend

D.    Daughter

3.A and B are young ones of C. If C is the father of A but B is not the son of C. How are B and C related 

A.    Niece and Uncle

B.    Daughter and Father

C.    Niece and Uncle

D.    Daughter and Mother

4. A man pointing to a photograph says. "The lady in the photograph is my nephew’s maternal grandmother." How is the lady in the photograph related to the man’s sister who has no other sister? 

A.    Mother–in–law

B.    Cousin

C.    Sister–in–law

D.    Mother

5. F is the brother of A, C is the daughter of A, K is the sister of F and G is the brother of C then who is the uncle of G? 

A.    C

B.    A

C.    K

D.    None of the above.

6. A woman walking with a boy meets another woman and on being asked about her relationship with the boy, she says, "My maternal uncle and his maternal uncle's maternal uncle are brothers." How is the boy related to the woman ? 

A.    Husband

B.    Brother-in-law

C.    Son

D.    Grandson

7. Six members of a family ABCDE and F are travelling together. B is the son of C but C is not the mother of B. A and C are married couple. E is the brother of C. D is the daughter of A. F is the brother of B. How many male members are there in the family ? 

A.    4

B.    3

C.    2

D.    1

8.A woman introduces a man as the son of the brother of her mother. How is the man related to the woman? 

A.    Uncle

B.    Grandson

C.    Cousin

D.    Son

Answer with Explanation

1.  A.

Only son of woman’s grandfather – Woman’s father;
Man’s brother father – Man’s father.
So, the woman is man’s sister.

2.  B.

Daughter of brother–in–law –-> Niece;
Mother’s niece –-> Cousin.
So, the girl is the cousin of A's friend.

3.  B.

C has two children A and B, if A is his son, B must be his daughter.

4.  D.

The lady is the grandmother of man’s sister’s son
i.e., the mother of the mother of man’s sister’s son.
i.e., the mother of man’s sister.

5.  B.

C & J are childern of A and F is the brother of A. So, F is uncle of C & J.

6. C.

Boy's maternal uncle will be brother of boy's mother. Maternal uncle of mother's brother and maternal uncle of lady are brother means lady is sister of mother's brother i.e., lady is the mother of the boy. So, the boy is woman's son.

7. A.

E (Brother) C (Husband) A (Wife)
F and B (Sons) D (Daughter)
A is the wife of C and their daughter is D. The ramaining members are male members.

8.  C.

Brother of mother– Uncle;
Uncle’s son – Cousin

Reasoning for Competitive Exams

Blood Relation

POINTS TO REMEMBER : 

• If the question is "How is A related to B". Then you must know the gender of A to answer the question
• Without knowing A's gender, you cannot determine the relation from A to B
• If a person is Uncle or Aunt to "A", A is that person's nephew (if A is Male) or niece (if A is female)
• Cousin is a common Gender (I mean, you can use this word for both Male and Female)
• Ex : A says to B, "you are the son of my grand father's only son".
• How is B related to A?
• How is A related to B?
• Ans : 
• B is Brother of A.
• My grand father's only son = A's father (grand father's only son means only ONE son.. No other son and no daughter also)
• A is either brother or sister to B
• A and B are siblings. B is brother to A as we know the Gender of B. But we dont know the Gender of A. So we cant say whether A is Brother or Sister to B.

Lets have a look at some practice problems :

• The mother of Ranbir is the only daughter of  Neetu's  father. How  Neetu is related to Ranbir?
• Sister
• Mother
• Aunt
• Cant determine
• None of These

           Answer : Mother

          Explnation : Only daughter of Neetu's father  = Neetu only.

           The mother of Ranbir is Neetu, so Neetu is the mother of Ranbir :D

Ex 1. ) Amit is the son of Ajit's grand father's only daughter. How is Ajit's father related to Amit?

• Grand Father
• Uncle
• Father
• Data Inadequate
• None of these

             Answer : Father

Explanation : Ajit's grand father's only daughter means Ajit's mother. Amit is the son of Ajit's mother. So, Amit and Ajit are Siblings. Ajit's father is Amith's father too

Ex 2. )Pointing to a boy Rekha said, "He is the son of my mother-in-law's only Child". How is the boy related to Rekha?

• Son
• Grand Son
• Nephew
• Brother
• Cant determined

                Ans : Son

Explnation : My mother-in-law's only child = Rekha's mother-in-law's only child = Rekha's husband.The boy is the son of the Rekha's Husband. So obviuosly Rekha is the mother to that boy and that boy is the Son of Rekha.

Ex 3. )B is the husband of C. A is the sister of B. D is the sister of C. How is D related to B?

• Son
• Uncle
• Sister-in-Law
• Cant be determined

                Ans : Sister-in-Law

                Explnation : 

•  B is Husband and C is his Wife. 
• A is the sister of B, so A is the Sister-in-Law of C ( Husband's sister)
• D is the sister of C so, D is the Sister-in-Law of B (Wife's Sister)

Ex 4. ) Pointing towards a girl, a Person said, "She is the only daugher of the only son of the wife of the father-in-law of my wife". How is the girl related to the Person?
Niece
Daughter
Sister
Daughter-in-Law
Cant be Determined

               

Ans : Daughter

Explnation : 

• Father-in-Law of my wife = Father in Law of the Person's Wife = Person's Father
• Wife of the Father-in-law of my wife = Wife of the Person's Father = Person's Mother.
•  Only son of Person's Mother = That Person only (because Person's parents dont have any other child)
• So, she is the only daughter of Person as the Person does not have any other Children.

Decimal fraction for competitive exam

Divisibility Rules

• If the end digit of any number is Zero or Even Number then number can easily Divisible by 2. Example: 4587952/2 = 2293976.

• If the Sum of all numbers is divisible by 3 then the number is divisible by 3. Example:(8+6+1) = 15 and 15 is divisible by 3, So the 861 is divisible by 3. Some more Example: 22104/3 = 7368. (2+2+1+0+4) = 9. 9/3 = 3, So 22104 divisible by 3.

• The number is Divisible by 4 when the end of two digit is divisible by 4 or end of two digit is Zero. Example: 85736 = 21434. (End two digit divisible by 4). 98300 = 24575 (End of both digit is Zero).

• The number is end with Zero or 5 Then the number is divisible by 5. Example: 7775/5 = 1555 (End digit is 5), 3390/5 = 678 (End digit is 0).

• The number is divisible by 6 when the number is divisible by 3 and 2. So both the condition should be satisfied by Rule 3 and 2 otherwise number will be not divisible by 6. 5844/6 = 974 (Both condition are satisfied).

•  Three end digit of number if divisible by 8 and if the last three digit is Zero then the number is also divisible by 8. Example:224256/8=28032 here the last digit 256 is divisible by 8 so the total number should be divisible by 8. 92045000/8=11505625.last three digit is Zero so the number is divisible by 8.

• All digits sum of a number if divisible by 9 then the number is divisible by 9.Example: 9522:(9+5+2+2)=18 that is divisible by 9 so the number 9522/9=1058.

• The number is divisible by 10 if the number is end with Zero then the number divisible by 10. Example: 4790/10=479 and 1250/10=125 this two numbers are end with Zero that why it is divisible by 10.

• Using 11 a number is divisible if difference sum of Even places and sum of odd places is Zero so divisible by 11. Example: 1236431460/11=112402860. (1+3+4+1+6)(odd places)-(2+6+3+4+0)(Even places)=0 and sum of odd and Even digit is equal so the number is divisible by 11.

• We can write 15 as (5×3) so if a number is divisible by 5 and 3 then the number is divisible by 15.

Mathematics for Competitive exam

Decimal Fraction

1. Evaluate 3.82−1.223.8−1.2
A. 5.2	B. 4.8
C. 4	D. 5

2. If 204 ÷ 12.75 = 16, then 2.04 ÷ 1.275 = ?
A. 16	B. 1.6
C. 0.16	D. 0.016

3. 0.03 × 0.0124 = ?
A. 3.72 × 10-6	B. 3.72 × 10-5
C. 3.72 × 10-3	D. 3.72 × 10-4

4. 7212 + 15.231 - ? = 6879
A. 359.022	B. 362.02
C. 328.221	D. 348.231

5. 4211.01 + 22.261 - ? = 2645.759
A. 1587.512	B. 1586.532
C. 1588.021	D. 1586.422

6. The price of commodity P increases by 40 paise every year, while the price of commodity Q increases by 15 paise every year. If in 2001, the price of commodity P was Rs. 4.20 and that of Q was Rs. 6.30, in which year commodity P will cost 40 paise more than the commodity Q ?
A. 2008	B. 2009
C. 2010	D. 2011

7. Which of the following fractions is greater than 3/5 and less than 6/7?
A. 78	B. 13
C. 23	D. 12

8. 0.004 × 0.5 = ?
A. None of these	B. 0.02
C. 0.002	D. 0.0002

9. How many digits will be there to the right of the decimal point in the product of 89.635 and .02218?
A. 5	B. 6
C. 7	D. 8

10. 4.86¯¯¯¯−3.71¯¯¯¯ = ?
A. 1.6¯	B. 1.5¯
C. 1.14¯¯¯¯	D. 1.15¯¯¯¯

Answer With Explanation

1.Answer : Option D

Explanation :

a2−b2=(a−b)(a+b)

3.82−1.223.8−1.2=(3.8+1.2)(3.8−1.2)(3.8−1.2)=3.8+1.2=5

2.Answer : Option B

20412.75=16⇒20.41.275=16(∵ Divided Numerator and Denominator by 10))⇒2.041.275=1.6(∵ Divided LHS and RHS by 10)

3.Answer : Option D

Explanation :

3 × 124 = 372

Sum of the decimal places in 0.03 and 0.0124 = 2 + 4 = 6

Hence, 0.03 × 0.0124 = 372 × 10^-6 = 3.72 × 10^-4

4. Answer : Option D

Explanation :

Required Value = 7212 + 15.231 - 6879 = 348.231

5.Answer : Option A

Explanation :

Required Value = 4211.01 + 22.261 - 2645.759 = 1587.512

6. Answer : Option D

Explanation :

Let the commodity P costs 40 paise more than the commodity Q after n years

Price of the commodity P in 2001 = Rs.4.20

Since the price of the commodity P increases by Rs 0.40 every year,
Price of the commodity P after n years from 2001 = Rs.4.20 + (n × .40)

Price of the commodity Q in 2001 = Rs.6.30

Since the price of the commodity Q increases by Rs 0.15 every year,
price of the commodity Q after n years from 2001 = Rs.6.30 + (n × .15)

Since the commodity P costs Rs. 0.40 more that the commodity Q after n years from 2001,
4.20 + (n × .40) = 6.30 + (n × .15) + 0.40

=> (40n - .15n) = 6.30 - 4.20 + 0.40 = 2.5

=> .25n = 2.5

⇒n=2.5.25=25025=10

=> Commodity P costs Rs.0.40 more that the commodity Q after 10 years from 2001

7. Answer : Option C

Explanation :

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Solution 1
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35=0.667=0.85(Taken only the first two digits after the decimal point)
Hence, the question is to find out a number which is greater than 0.6 and less than 0.85

The given choices are



12=0.523=0.66(Taken only the first two digits after the decimal point)13=0.33(Taken only the first two digits after the decimal point)78=0.87(Taken only the first two digits after the decimal point)


Clearly, 0.66 = 23 is the answer
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Solution 2
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LCM of 5, 7, 2, 3, 3, 8  = 840



35=50484067=720840
Hence, the question is to find out a number which is between the above numbers

The given choices are



12=42084023=56084013=28084078=735840


Clearly, 560840=23 is the answer

8. Answer : Option C

Explanation :

0.004 × 0.5 = 0.002

9. Answer : Option C

Explanation :

Sum of decimal places = 3 + 5 = 8

The last digit to the extreme right is zero (Since 5 x 8 = 40)

Hence, there will be 7 significant digits to the right of the decimal point.

10. Answer : Option D

Explanation :

4.86¯¯¯¯=(4+8699)

3.71¯¯¯¯=(3+7199)

Hence, 4.86¯¯¯¯−3.71¯¯¯¯=(4+8699)−(3+7199)=(1+1599)=1.15¯¯¯¯

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