PART-1
SLAVE DYNASTY
(1206-1209)
·
This dynasty was founded by llbari Turks. Hence,
it is also called llbari dynasty.
·
This is dynasty is also called Mamluk dynasty.
·
It is called slave dynasty because three
important Sultans of this dynasty were slaves. Qutbuddin Aibak was a slave of
Mohammad Ghori, IItutmish was a slave of Qutbuddin Aibak and Balban was slave
of IItutmish.
1. Qutbuddin Aibak
(1206-1210)
·
Qutbuddin Aibak was the founder of the first
Turkish Kingdom in northern India. He ruled from Lahore.
·
He built two mosques, one at Delhi known as Quwwat-ul-islam and the other at Ajmer
known as Adhai Din Ka Jhompra.
·
He was a great donator, hence called Lakh Bakhsh i.e. giver of Lakhs.
·
He started construction of Qutub Minar which was
named after a Sufi saint Qutbuddin
Bakhtiyar Kaki.
·
He died of injuries received as the result of a
fall from his horse while playing Chaugan
(Polo).
·
His fourth 40 days war with Nasiruddin Qabach
for independent kingdom.
2. Aram Shah
(1210-1211)
·
Aram Shah, son of Qutbuddin Aibak succeeded him,
but was killed by IItutmish.
3. IItutmish
(1211-1236)
·
Qutbuddin Aibak gave his daughter in marriage to
IItutmish and subsequently appointed him governor of Badaun.
·
He was the real founder of Delhi Sultanate. He
ruled from Delhi in place of Lahore.
·
In 1221, he saved Delhi sultanate from the wrath
of Chengiz Shah, whom Chengiz khan was chasing.
·
He completed the construction of Qutub Minar.
·
He issued the Silver tanka and copper jital.
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He devised a system called iqtadari System. The head of an iqta was a muqti.
·
He setup an official nobility of slaves known as
Chahalgani (group of forty)
·
He patronized Minhaj-us-Siraj, the author of Tabaqat-i-
Nasiri.
·
He died due to illness in his palace in 1236.
4. Raziya (1236-1240)
·
Raziya, daughter if IItutmish was nominated by
him against the will of chahalgani.
·
She further offended the nobles and theologians
for her preference for an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) officer, Jalaluddin Yakut.
·
Soon after her accession, the governors of the
provinces of Multan, Badaun, Hansi and Lahore openly revolted against her,
·
There was a serious rebellion in Bhatinda where
Altunia, the governor of Bhatinda refused to accept suzerainty of Raziya.
·
Raziya accompanied by yakut marched against
Altunia. However, Altunia got Yakut murderd and imprisoned Raziya.
·
Subsequently Raziya married Altunia and
proceeded with her to delhi to Capture it by force.
·
They were defeated by Bahram Shah’s army and compelled
to return towards Bhatinda (Tabarhinda).
·
Their troops deserted them and near Kaithal (Haryana), they were murdered
by some robbers in 1240.
·
Minhaj-us-Siraj made a statement “She had all the capabilities, her only
fault was her being a woman” for Raziya.
5. Ghiyasuddin Balban
(1265-1287)
·
Balban was formerly one of the members of
chahalgani and restored the prestige of the crown.
·
He organized the spy system and created the
strong centralized army to deal with internal disturbances.
·
He laid great stree on genealogy claiming
descent from the mythical Turkish hero, Afrasiyab.
·
He assumed the title of Zill-i-llahi(shadow of
god) and Niyabat-i-Khudai (god’s vice regent on earth).
·
He introduced Persian etiquettes like sijda
(prostration before the monarch) and paibos (kissing the feet of monarch) as
the normal forms of salutation.
·
He established the military department diwan-i-arz.
·
He also started the nauroj (Persian New Year) festival to heighten the splendor of his
court.
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Balban died in 1287 nominating kai khusrau, son of
the deceased prince Muhammad as his successor. But, his nobles set aside kai
Khusrau and placed another grandson of Balban, Kaiqubad on the throne.
·
The last Sultan of the slave dynasty Kayumars was the put to death by
Jalaluddin Khaji in 1290.
·
He showed special attention to the poet Amir
Khusrau.
