Wildlife
Biosphere Reserves
·
The program of
Biosphere Reserve was initiated under the ‘Man
and Biosphere’ (MAB) program by
UNESCO in 1970.
·
The purpose of
the formation of the biosphere reserve is to conserve in situ all form of life
along with its support system, in its totality, so that it could serve as a
referral system for monitoring and evaluating changes in natural ecosystem.
·
The first
biosphere reserve of the world was established in 1979, since then the network
of biosphere reserve has increased to 564 in over 109 countries across the
world (MAB, 2010).
·
Presently, there
are 15 existing biosphere reserves in India.
·
Out of these 15
Biosphere Reserve, seven have been recognized on world network of Biosphere
Reserve by UNESCO, namely, Nilgiri (2000) Sunderbans (2001), Gulf of Manner
(2001), Nanda Devi (2004), Nokrek (2009), Pachmarhi (2009) and simlipal (2009).
Biosphere
Reserve of India
S.No.
|
Biosphere
Reserve
|
Year
of establishment
|
State/
UT
|
1.
|
Nilgri
|
1986
|
Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka
|
2
|
Nanda Devi
|
1988
|
Uttarakhand
|
3
|
Nokrek
|
1988
|
Meghalaya
|
4
|
Great Nicobar
|
1989
|
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
|
5
|
Gulf of Mannar
|
1989
|
Tamil Nadu
|
6
|
Manas
|
1989
|
Assam
|
7
|
Sunderbans
|
1989
|
West Bengal
|
8
|
Simlipal
|
1994
|
Orissa
|
9
|
Dibru Saikhowa
|
1997
|
Assam
|
10
|
Dehang Debang
|
1998
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
11
|
Pachmarhi
|
1999
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
12
|
Khanchen Dzonga
|
2000
|
Sikkim
|
13
|
Agasthyamalai
|
2001
|
Kerala
|
14
|
Achanakmar – Amarkantak
|
2005
|
Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
|
15
|
Kachchh
|
2008
|
Gujarat
|
16.
|
Cold Desert
|
2010
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
17.
|
Seshachalam
|
2010
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Largest
National Parks in India
S.No.
|
Name
|
Area (sq.km)
|
State
|
1
|
Hemis
|
3350.00
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
2
|
Desert
|
3162.00
|
Rajasthan
|
3
|
Gangotri
|
2390.02
|
Uttarakhand
|
4
|
Namdapha
|
1807.82
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
5
|
Khangchen dzonga
|
1784.00
|
Sikkim
|
6
|
Guru Ghasi –
Das(sanjay)
|
1440.71
|
Chhattisgarh
|
7
|
Sunderbans
|
1330.10
|
West Bengal
|
8
|
Indravati (kutru)
|
1258.37
|
Chhattisgarh
|
9
|
Papikonda
|
1012.86
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
10
|
Kanha
|
940.00
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
Wildlife Sanctuaries
There
are 514 existing wildlife sanctuaries in India. They cover an area of 118,150
, which is 3.59% of the
geographical area of the country (national wildlife database, April 2010.)
Another 219 sanctuaries are proposed in the Protected Area Network report
covering an area of 16.699
.
Largest
Wildlife Sanctuaries in India
S.No.
|
Name
|
Area (sq.km)
|
State
|
1.
|
Great Indian Bustard
|
8,496.44
|
Maharashtra
|
2.
|
Kachchh Desert
|
7,506.22
|
Gujarat
|
3.
|
Karakorma (Nubra Shyok)
|
5,000.00
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
4.
|
Wild Ass
|
4,953.71
|
Gujarat
|
5.
|
Dibang
|
4,149.00
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
6.
|
Changthang Cold Desert
|
4,000.00
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
7.
|
Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarjuna Sagar –
Srisailam)
|
3,568.09
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
8.
|
Gahirmatha (Marine)
|
1,435.00
|
Orissa
|
9.
|
Kibber
|
1,400.00
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
10.
|
Simlipal
|
1,354.30
|
Orissa
|
Ramsar
Wetlands of India
S.No.
|
Name of RAMSAR Site
|
State
|
Year of Notification
|
Area (ha)
|
Status
|
1
|
Asthamudi Wetland
|
Kerala
|
19/08/02
|
61,400
|
Coastal, Estuarine
|
2.
|
Bhitarkanika Mangroves
|
Orissa
|
19/08/02
|
65,000
|
Coastal
|
3.
|
Deepor Beel
|
Assam
|
19/08/02
|
4,000
|
Freshwater Lake
|
4.
|
Keoladeo National Park
|
Rajasthan
|
01/10/81
|
2,873
|
Freshwater
|
5.
|
Kolleru Lake
|
AP
|
19/08/02
|
90,100
|
Freshwater
|
6.
|
Loktak Lake
|
Manipur
|
23/03/90
|
26,600
|
Freshwater Lake
|
7.
|
Point Calimere Wetlands
|
Tamil Nadu
|
19/08/02
|
38,500
|
Coastal
|
8.
|
Rudrasagar Lake
|
Tripura
|
08/11/05
|
240
|
|
9.
|
Surinsar-Mansar Lakes
|
J&K
|
08/11/05
|
350
|
|
10.
|
Tsomoriri Lake
|
J&K
|
19/08/02
|
12,000
|
Freshwater Brackish Lake
|
11.
|
Vembanad – Kol Wetland
|
Kerala
|
19/08/02
|
151,250
|
Estuarine, Backwaters
|
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