PART-1
The Mughal Age
1.Babur (1526-1530)
·
He was the founder of Mughal dynasty in India.
·
He was a direct descendant of Timur, and
believed himself to be a descendant also of chengiz khan through his mother.
·
He was invited to attack India by Daulat Khan
lodi (Subedar of Punjab), Ibrahim Lodi’s uncle alam Khan Lodi and Rana Sanga.
·
He was Successful in his fifth expedition to
India, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat on April 21, 1526.
·
He was the first one to entitle himself as ‘Padshah’.
·
He took keen interest in the development of gardens.
·
He wrote Tuzuk-i-Baburi or Baburnama in Turkish.
It was translated into Persian by Abdul-Rahim
Khan-i-Khanan.
·
He died in 1530 and was buried first at Arambagh
in Agra. Roughly nine years later his body was taken to Kabul and buried there.
·
The battle of Ghaghra was the 1st
battle which was fought on Land and water simultaneously in medieval India.
Battles
fought by Babur
|
Battle
|
Year
|
Outcome
|
|
First Battle of Panipat
|
1526
|
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi
|
|
Battle of Khanwa
|
1527
|
Babur defeated Rana sanga
|
|
Battle of Chanderi
|
1528
|
Babur defeated Medini Rai
|
|
Battle of Ghaghra
|
1529
|
Babur defeated joint forces of Afghans and the Sultan of Bengal
|
2. Humayun (1530-1540 and 1555-1556)
·
Humayun succeeded his father Babur, but as per
the Timurid tradition he was forced to share power with his brothers. Thus Sulaiman
was given Badakshan, kamran inherited Kabul and Qandhar, while Askari and
Hindal received Sind.
·
He built Dinpanah
at Delhi as his second capital .
·
He faced a formidable opponent in the Afghan,
Sher Shah Suri.
·
He was defeated in the Battle of Chausa by Sher Shah Suri in 1539.
·
He was again defeated in the Battle of Bilgram (Kannauj) by Sher
Shah Suri in 1540.
·
Defeat at Kanauj compelled Humayun to leave
India. He field to the refuge of Safavid empire in Persia, where the Persian
King Shah Tahmasp welcomed the
Mughal and treated him like a royal visitor.
·
After the death of Sher Shah Suri in 1545,
Humayun conquered Qandhar and re-established his control over Kabul with the
help of Shah tahmasp.
·
He defeated the forces of Sikandar Sur and
occupied Agra and Delhi in 1555.
·
His sister, Gulbadan
begum wrote his biography, Humayunama.
·
His wife
Hamida banu Begum built his tomb
at Delhi, which is known as Humayun’s
tomb.
·
He died in 1556, when he fell from the stairs of
his library (Sher Mandal).
3. Akbar (1556-1605)
·
Akbar was 14 years old when he was crowned at
Kalanaur in 1556.
·
He defeated Hemu, Wazir of Adil Shah Suri in Second Battle of Panipat in 1556.
·
Between 1556-1560, Akbar ruled under the regency
of Bairam Khan.
·
On Maham Anga’s advice, who was his foster
mother, Akbar took control of the empire from Bairam Khan.
·
Akbar married Hira Kunwari, who was a Kachhwaha
princess. She took the name Jodha Bai and was the mother of Prince Salim, who
later became the Mughal emperor Jahangir.
·
Akbar sent Raja Man Singh of Amber to confront
Rana Pratap Singh of Mewar in the historic Battle
of Haldighati in 1576. In this battle Rana Pratap Singh was defeated.
·
At the time of Akbar, there were five leading
States of the deccan viz. Khandesh (farruqis), Ahmadnagar (Nizam Shahs), Berar
(Imad Shahs), Bijapur (Adil Shahs) and Golconda (Qutab Shahs).
·
Akbar faced a rebellion in Gujarat in 1572,
which was crushed.
·
He built Buland
Darwaza in Fatehpur Sikri in memory of Victory over Gujarat.
·
In 1579, he issued a decree called ‘ Mazharnama’ and took control of the law
in his own hands.
·
In 1585, he transferred his capital to Lahore in
order to effect a greater integration of the north west into the Mughal empire.
·
His last compaign was against Asirgarh
(Khandesh) in 1601.
Akbar’s
Campaign
Year Against
1561…………………………………………… Baz Bahadur of Malwa
1564………………………………………….. Rani Durgawati of
Garh Katanga
1567………………………………………….. Chittor (Mewar)
1572………………………………………….. Gujarat
1574………………………………………….. Bengal
1576………………………………………….. Rana Pratap Singh of
Mewar
1581…………………………………………. Kabul
1586…………………………………………. Kashmir
1593…………………………………………. Chandbiwi of
Ahmadnagar
1601………………………………………… Khandesh (Asirgarh)
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