SSC CGL 2015:- INIDIAN POLITY

THE UNION & ITS TERRITORY

·         Article 1 to 4 Constitution deals with the Union and its Territory

·         Art. 1 says India that is Bharat, shall be a union of State rather than Federation of the States.

·         Art. 3 deals with the formation of new States out of the territory of the existing States. The Indian Constitution empowers the Parliament to alter the territory or names tec. Of the States without their consent or concurrence.

·         Art.264 (4) of the Constitution says that any territory which may at any time be acquired by India by purchase, treaty, cession or conquest will obviously from part of the territory of India. These will be administered by the Government of India subject to the legislation by the Parliament.

Re-organization of States

·         In 1953 State Reorganisation Commission was set up under the Chairmanship of Fazi Ali H.N Kunzru and K.N. Panikkar were the other two members of the commission

·         The commission submitted its report in 1955 and broadly accepted the language as the basis of the reorganization of the states. But it rejected the theory of “one language-one state”. Its view was that the unity of India should be regarded as the primary consideration in any redrawing of the country’s political units.

·         It suggested the re-organisation of 27 States of various category into 16 States and 3 Union Territories.

·         The State Re-organization Act, 1956 was passed by Parliament to give effect to the recommendations of the commission with certain minor modifications. As a  result, 14 States and 6 UTs were created on November 1, 1956.

Procedure for creation of new States

·         Parliament can form new States; alter the area, boundaries or names of the existing states by a law passed by a simple majority.

·         The Bills for the formation of new States of alteration of the boundaries or names of the existing States shall be introduce in either House of the Parliament, only on the recommendation of the President.

·         The President, before introducing the bill in the Parliament, shall refer it to the concerned State Legislature for its opinion within a specified time limit.

·         If the State Legislature does not give its opinion within the specified time limit, the time limit may be extended.

·         The Bill may introduce even if the opinion has not come.

·         The Parliament is not bound to accept or act upon the view of the State Legislature.

·         It is not necessary to make fresh reference to the State Legislature every time on an amendment to the Bill, Proposed and accepted.

New States & UTs created after 1956

Maharashtra and Gujarat (1960)

The bilingual State of Bombay was divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat. Gujarat became the 15^th State of the Indian Union.

Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1961)

The Portuguese ruled this territory until its liberation in 1954. By the 10^th Constitution Amendment Act 1961, Dadra & Nagar Haveli became the Union Territory of India.

Goa, Daman & Diu (1961)

India acquired these three territories from the portuguese by means of polce action in 1961. Goa, Daman & Diu were added as a Union territory of India by the 12^th Constitution amendment Act, 1962. Later in 1987, Goa was made a State and daman and Diu, a seprate UT.

Pondicherry (1962)

It was ruled by French till 1954, it includes 4 districts viz. Pondicherry, karaikal, Mahe and Yanam. From 1954 to 1962 it remained as acquired territory and by the 14^th constitution amendment Act, 1962 it was made Union Territory of India.

Nagaland (1963)

The State of Nagaland Act 1962 formed the new State of Nagaland with effect from Ist February 1964 comprising the territory of the Naga Hills and Tuensang area which was previously a tribal area in the sixth schedule of the Constitution forming part of Assam.

Haryana, Chandigarh (1966)

In 1966, Punjab was bifurcated to create Haryana as the 17^th State & Chandigarh as UT.

Himachal Pradesh (1971)

Himachal Pradesh was upgrade from the status of a Union Territory to that of a State by the state of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970.

Manipur, Tripura and Meghalaya (1972)

In 1972, the two UTs of Manipur and Tripura and the sub- state of Meghalaya got Statehood. Thus Manipur, Tripura and Meghalaya became the 19^th, 20^th and 21^st State of India respectively.

Sikkim (1975)

·         During British rule Sikkim was a Indian State ruled by Chogyal subject to the British Paramountcy. Sikkim got the status of an associated state in 1974. Sikkim got the status of a fully fledged State in 1975 by the 36^th Constitution Amendment Act, 1975.

·         Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Goa (1987)

·         Mizoram got statehood in 1986. Earlier by the act of 1971, Mizoram was provided a status of union Territory.

·         Arunachal Pradesh a Union Territory was given the status of a state by the state of Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1986.

·         Goa became the 25^th State of India.

Chhattisgarh (2000)

It became the 26^th State of India on 1^st November 2000.

Uttarakhand (2000)

It became the 27^th State of India on 9^th November 2000 with the name Uttaranchal. However, it was renamed as Uttarakhand in 2007.

Jharkhand (2000)

It became the 28^th state of India on 15^th November 2000.

Do you know? By the 69th Constitution Amendment Act, 1991 with effect from February 1, 1992 the Union Territory of Delhi has been named as National Capital Territory of Delhi.