Directions: Read the following
passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Corruption
is a broad term covering a wide range of misuse of entrusted funds and power
for personal gain i.e. Theft, fraud, nepotism, abuse of power etc. A corrupt
act is often - but not necessarily - illegal. In handling corruption you will
often face a Gray zones and
dilemmas. In many countries, corruption is everywhere and daily life is riddled
with situations in the Gray zone between legal and illegal. Many people accept
petty corruption as a fact of life. But the causes might differ, however,
whether corruption results from a need, a culture or simply from an opportunity
too tempting not to exploit, it influences the way we deal with it - or don’t
deal with it. Corruption can occur on different scales. There is corruption
that occurs as small favours between a small number of people (petty
corruption), corruption that affects the government on a large scale (grand
corruption), and corruption that is so prevalent that
it is part of the every day structure of society, including corruption as one
of the symptoms of organized crime (systemic corruption).
The
main reason for the spread of corruption is that the people in the highest seat
of power are corrupt unless the people at the top rung of power are honest and free from corruption; there is
absolutely no possibility of eradicating corruption.
If there is widespread corruption in India , it is because the people at the
top are really corrupt .No subordinate will have to guts to be corrupt if the people at the top
of the administration are honest and take stern action
against the corrupt people .They can not be harsh to the corrupt people , since
it is through the corrupt subordinates that the people at the top get their
share of the bribes .If one can make a discrete enquiry with the pavement
traders, he can find out how much the police and the corporation councillors
collect from the pavement traders .They say that the money so collected is
shared by people from the top to the bottom. If the head is corrupt, what will
the limbs do? The causes of corruption in India also include excessive
regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems, numerous government
departments each with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly by
government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and
the lack of transparent laws and processes. There are significant variations in
level of corruption as well as in state government efforts to reduce corruption
across India. A 2005 study done by Transparency International in India found
that more than 62% of the people had firsthand experience of paying bribe or
peddling influence to get a job done in a public office.Taxes and bribes are
common between state borders; Transparency International estimates that
truckers pay annually 22,200 crores (US$ 4.5 billion) in bribes. Government
regulators and police share in bribe money, each to the tune of 43% and 45%
respectively. The en route stoppages including those at checkpoints and
entry-points take up to 11 hours in a day. About 60% of these (forced)
stoppages on road by concerned authorities such as government regulators,
police, forest, sales and excise, octroi, weighing and measuring department are
for extorting money. The loss in productivity due to these stoppages is an
important national concern. The number of truck trips could increase by 40%, if
forced delays are avoided. According to a 2007 World Bank published report, the
travel time for a Delhi-Mumbai trip can be reduced by about 2 days per trip if
the corruption and associated regulatory stoppages to extract bribes was
eliminated.
1. How many rupees are paid by
truckers annually as per the study of transparency international ?
1) US $ 4.5 billion
2) Rs. 22, 000 crore
3) Rs. 22, 200 crore
4) US $ 4 billion
5) None of these
2. What is the main objective of
writer behind writing the passage?
1) It gives an idea of right and
wrong judgement.
2) To remove the corruption from top
to bottom.
3) To throw light on corruption.
4) Both 1 and 2
5) None of these
3. What is petty corruption ?
1) When corruption doesn't occur in
many people.
2) Corruption found from top to
bottom in every department.
3) When people of a particular
department is corrupt.
4) Where head of the departments are
corrupt.
5) None of these
4. Why the corruption is increasing
so rapidly ?
1) Because all the employees are
interested in it.
2) The people in the highest seat of
power our involved in the corruption.
3) Government is unable to control
over the corruption.
4) There is a lack of strict laws
against it.
5) None of these
5. What do you understand by Gray
zones as used in the passage ?
1) Double meaning.
2) A puzzled situation but can be
solved.
3) Lack of knowledge.
4) A topic that is not clear or full
of ambiguity.
5) None of these
Direction : Choose the word which is
most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the
passage.
6. RUNG
1) Hierarchy
2) Step
3) Grade
4) Stage
5) Cross bar
7. ERADICATE
1) Undo
2) Erase
3) Massacre
4) Annihilate
5) Abate
8. GUTS
1) Stamina
2) Courage
3) Heart
4) Mettle
5) Spirit
Direction : Choose the word which is
most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in
the passage.
9. PREVALENT
1) Abnormal
2) Isolated
3) Infrequent
4) Limited
5) Ubiquitous
10. STERN
1) Tough
2) Easy
3) Gentle
4) Flexible
5) Lenient
Answers:
1. 3
2. 3
3. 1
4. 2
5. 4
6. 1
7. 4
8. 2
9. 3
10. 5
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